dig --all
What does DNS say about a domain?
try google.com, pingnet.in or your own site.
man dns
A and AAAAwhere a name points
The IPv4 (A) and IPv6 (AAAA) addresses a name points to. Sites behind Cloudflare or a CDN show the CDN's addresses, not the origin server's.
CNAMEan alias
"This name is really that name." Common for www and for services like Shopify or Blogger.
MXwho receives email
Which servers receive email for the domain. Lower priority numbers are tried first.
NS and SOAwho's in charge
NS lists the nameservers in charge of the domain; SOA holds its admin details and the serial number that changes whenever the zone is edited.
TXTspf, dkim, dmarc, verification
Free-form text, mostly used for email security (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and for proving domain ownership to Google, Microsoft and others.
CAA and HTTPScertificates, http/3
CAA says which certificate authorities may issue SSL certificates for the domain. HTTPS records advertise things like HTTP/3 support.
Why Cloudflare and Google sometimes differcaching, location
Big sites hand out different IPs depending on where the question comes from, and each resolver caches answers for different lengths of time. Differences right after you change a record usually mean the old answer is still cached.